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LONG-RUN TOTAL COST: The opportunity cost incurred by all of the factors of production used in the long run (when all inputs are variable) by a firm to produce of a good or service, including wages paid to labor, rent paid for the land, interest paid to capital owners, and a normal profit paid to entrepreneurs. Unlike short-run total cost, long-run total cost can not be separated into fixed cost and variable cost. In the long run, all inputs are variable, so all cost is variable.
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RETURNS TO SCALE Changes in production the occur when all resources are proportionately changed in the long run. Returns to scale come in three forms--increasing, decreasing, or constant based on whether the changes in production are proportionally more than, less than, or equal to the proportional changes in inputs. Returns to scale are the guiding principle for long-run production, playing a similar role that the law of diminishing marginal returns plays for short-run production.
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a flea market seeking to buy either a half-dozen helium filled balloons or a packet of address labels large enough for addresses of both the sender and the recipient. Be on the lookout for high interest rates.
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In the early 1900s around 300 automobile companies operated in the United States.
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"The truth of the matter is that you always know the right thing to do. The hard part is doing it." -- Norman Schwarzkopf, US Army general
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IRBNE
Income Received But Not Earned
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