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BANK OF THE UNITED STATES: This was actually two central banks that preceded the Federal Reserve System as the nation's monetary authority. The First Bank of the United States, under the design of Alexander Hamilton, commenced operations in 1791, almost immediately after the U.S. Constitution was written and George Washington became the first U.S. President. Its charter was not renewed and it ceased to operate in 1811. Financial instability resulting from the absence of a central bank over the next few years prompted the formation of the Second Bank of the United States in 1816. The Second Bank's performance, however, was somewhat more suspect. When it knocked heads with President Andrew Jackson, a strong critic of central banking, the Second Bank ceased to be in 1836.
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PROGRESSIVE TAX A tax in which the proportion of income paid in taxes is greater for higher income levels. A progressive income tax exists if taxpayers with more income pay a higher tax rate relative to income as income increases. A progressive tax is one of three alternations. The other two are proportional tax, in which the proportion of income paid in taxes is the same for all income levels, and regressive tax, in which the proportion of income paid in taxes is smaller for higher income levels.
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A scripophilist is one who collects rare stock and bond certificates, usually from extinct companies.
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"Whenever you see a successful business, someone once made a courageous decision." -- Peter F. Drucker, business strategist
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OFT
Office of Fair Trading (UK)
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