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DISTRIBUTION STANDARDS: Three alternative criteria for distributing income to members of society--contributive standard, equality standard, needs standard. A basic notion in economics is that income is generated through production (circular flow). The amount of income generated each year depends on the value of goods and services produced with the economy's limited resources. But once this income is generated it must be distributed to members of society. The contributive, equality, and needs standards are the three primary criteria for distributing income.
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PERFECT COMPETITION, EFFICIENCY Perfect competition is an idealized market structure that achieves an efficient allocation of resources. This efficiency is achieved because the profit-maximizing quantity of output produced by a perfectly competitive firm results in the equality between price and marginal cost. In the short run, this involves the equality between price and short-run marginal cost. In the long run, this is seen with the equality between price and long-run marginal cost at the minimum efficient scale of production.
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time wandering around the downtown area looking to buy either any book written by Isaac Asimov or a how-to book on building remote controlled airplanes. Be on the lookout for celebrities who speak directly to you through your television.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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More money is spent on gardening than on any other hobby.
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"All things are difficult before they are easy." -- Thomas Fuller, Physician
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IIA
Irrelevance of Independent Alternatives
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