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EFFICIENT: The state of resource allocation the exists when the highest level of consumer satisfaction is achieved from the available resources. Competitive markets, absent of any market failure and especially market control by either side, is efficient. In particular, this feat is accomplished when the price buyers are willing and able to pay for a good--based on the satisfaction obtained--is equal to the price sellers need to charge for a good--based on the opportunity cost of production. In other words, the value (satisfaction) of stuff given up to get a good is the same as the value (satisfaction) of the good produced. Satisfaction won't increase by producing more of either.
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CONSUMER DEMAND THEORY The branch of economics devoted to the study of consumer behavior, especially as it applies to decisions related to purchasing goods and services through markets. Consumer demand theory is largely centered on the study and analysis of the utility generated from the satisfaction of wants and needs. The key principle of consumer demand theory is the law of diminishing marginal utility, which offers an explanation for the law of demand and the negative slope of the demand curve.
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During the American Revolution, the price of corn rose 10,000 percent, the price of wheat 14,000 percent, the price of flour 15,000 percent, and the price of beef 33,000 percent.
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"Intense concentration hour after hour can bring out resources in people they didn't know they had. " -- Edwin Land, inventor, entrepreneur
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IJIO
International Journal of Industrial Organization
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