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LAFFER CURVE: The graphical inverted-U relation between tax rates and total tax collections by government. Developed by economist Arthur Laffer, the Laffer curve formed a key theoretical foundation for supply-side economics of President Reagan during the 1980s. It is based on the notion that government collects zero revenue if the tax rate is 0% and if the tax rate is 100%. At a 100% tax rate no one has the incentive to work, produce, and earn income, so there is no income to tax. As such, the optimum tax rate, in which government revenue is maximized, lies somewhere between 0% and 100%. This generates a curve shaped like and inverted U, rising from zero to a peak, then falling back to zero. If the economy is operating to the right of the peak, then government revenue can be increased by decreasing the tax rate. This was used to justify supply-side economic policies during the Reagan Administration, especially the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (Kemp-Roth Act).
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CONSTRAINED UTILITY MAXIMIZATION The process of obtaining the highest possible level of utility from the consumption of goods or services, under given restrictions, when the highest overall level of utility cannot be reached. The notion of constrained utility maximization is a modification of the more general utility maximization assumption. It is based on the recognition that consumers might be restricted from achieving the absolute maximum level of utility. The primary restrictions tend to be the amount of income available relative to price paid. Constrained utility maximization generally does reach the peak of the total utility curve.
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BEIGE MUNDORTLE
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time looking for a downtown retail store wanting to buy either storage boxes for your family photos or a large, stuffed giraffe. Be on the lookout for the happiest person in the room.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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The first U.S. fire insurance company was established by Benjamin Franklin in 1752 in Philadelphia.
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"You can't build a reputation on what you are going to do." -- Henry Ford, automaker
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CIFE
Cost, Insurance, Freight and Exchange
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