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HOTELLING'S PARADOX: A principle stating that monopolistically competitive firms seek to maintain similarities between products at the same time they maintain differences. Similarities enable substitutability. That is, one firm can attract the buyers away from other firms. Differences enable uniqueness and market control. That is, a firm has a small monopoly for its product that allows it to charge a higher price than achieved with perfect competition. This is also termed the principle of minimum differences.
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GAINS FROM TRADE The combination of consumer surplus and producer surplus obtained by buyers and sellers when engaging in a market exchange. Gains from trade arise because buyers are typically willing and able to pay a higher price to purchase a good than what they end up paying and because sellers are typically willing and able to accept a lower price to sell a good than what they end up receiving. Both sides of the market exchange are thus better off, have a net gain in welfare, by making the trade. While all types of market exchanges generate gains from trade, this topic is perhaps most important for an understanding of international trade.
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YELLOW CHIPPEROON [What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time looking for the new strip mall out on the highway wanting to buy either a video camera with stop action features or one of those memory foam pillows. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives. Your Complete Scope
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Two and a half gallons of oil are needed to produce one automobile tire.
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"My future starts when I wake up every morning . . . Every day I find something creative to do with my life. " -- Miles Davis, musician
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AFA Advertising Federation of America
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