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PARETO EFFICIENCY: A type of efficiency that results if one person can not be made better off without making someone else worse off. Named after Vilfredo Pareto, this criterion is the guiding theoretical notion of efficiency used in the study of economics, especially welfare economics. Pareto efficiency is generally not attained if some resources are idle or unemployed. By engaging idle resources in production, some people can have more production without reducing that available to others. A problem with Pareto efficiency, however, is that it is based on the existing distribution of income and wealth. This is one of two noted efficiency criteria used in economics. The other is Kaldor-Hicks efficiency.
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REAL-BALANCE EFFECT A change in aggregate expenditures on real production made by the household, business, government, and foreign sectors that results because a change in the price level alters the purchasing power of money. This is one of three effects underlying the negative slope of the aggregate demand curve associated with a movement along the aggregate demand curve and a change in aggregate expenditures. The other two are interest-rate effect and net-export effect. The real-balance effect is somewhat analogous to the income effect underlying the negative slope of the market demand curve.
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a flea market wanting to buy either a how-to book on building remote controlled airplanes or an extra large beach blanket. Be on the lookout for spoiled cheese hiding under your bed hatching conspiracies against humanity.
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A half gallon milk jug holds about $50 in pennies.
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"If a man hasn't discovered something that he will die for, he isn't fit to live. " -- Martin Luther King Jr., clergyman
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CFTC
Commodities and Futures Trading Commission (US)
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