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NATURAL MONOPOLY: A special type of monopoly that's able to lower its price when it produces and sells a larger quantity. This somewhat remarkable ability results because a natural monopoly uses a great deal of capital. In that capital carries an up front cost that must be paid regardless of production, a natural monopoly can spread these costs over larger quantity--if it produces more. The larger the quantity sold, the lower the cost for each unit. A single natural monopoly is thus able to produce and supply a good at a lower cost, and price, than two or more firms. In other words, if two or more firms try to supply the same good, the market will "naturally" end up with just one.
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ABSTRACTION Simplifying the complexities of the real world by ignoring (hopefully) unimportant details while doing economic analysis. Abstraction is an essential feature of the scientific method. Hypothesis verification, model construction, and comparative static analysis are not possible without abstraction.
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BEIGE MUNDORTLE
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a dollar discount store looking to buy either a weathervane with a cow on top or a box of multi-colored, plastic paper clips. Be on the lookout for cardboard boxes.
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The earliest known use of paper currency was about 1270 in China during the rule of Kubla Khan.
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"I not only use all the brains that I have, but all that I can borrow. " -- Woodrow Wilson, 28th US president
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IO
Industrial Organization
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