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BY-PRODUCT: One of two goods that are produced jointly using the same resource--that is, the production of one good automatically triggers the production of the other. Also termed joint products or complements-in-production, the phrase by-product is often used when one of the products is unwanted or of secondary importance. For example, sawdust is generally considered a by-product from producing lumber from trees.
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AVERAGE FACTOR COST, PERFECT COMPETITION Total factor cost per unit of factor input employed by a perfectly competitive firm in the production of output, found by dividing total factor cost by the quantity of factor input. Average factor cost, abbreviated AFC, is generally equal to the factor price. However, using the longer term average factor cost makes it easier to see the connection to related terms, including total factor cost and marginal factor cost.
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The word "fiscal" is derived from a Latin word meaning "moneybag."
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"Most human beings have an almost infinite capacity for taking things for granted. " -- Aldous Huxley, writer
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