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KALDOR-HICKS IMPROVEMENT: Based on the Kaldor-Hicks efficiency criterion, the notion that an action improves efficiency if the willingness to pay of those benefiting exceed the willingness to accept of those harmed. In other words, if those gains exceed those losses, or the benefits exceed the costs, then social welfare is improved and undertaking the action provides a net benefit to society. In other words, the winners can, in principle, compensate the losers for their loss, and still come out ahead. The actual compensation, however, is required. A contrasting condition for attaining efficiency is the Pareto improvement.
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DOUBLE COUNTING The act of including the value of intermediate goods more than once in the value of gross domestic product. Because the value, or price, of final goods includes the cost, or value, of all intermediate goods used in production, including market transactions for intermediate goods separately in the measurement of gross domestic product leads to double counting.
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A lump of pure gold the size of a matchbox can be flattened into a sheet the size of a tennis court!
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"You are never given a dream without also being given the power to make it true." -- Richard Bach, Author
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RJE
RAND Journal of Economics
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