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ENTRY BARRIER: An institutional, government, technological, or economic restriction on the entry of firms into a market or industry. The four primary barriers to entry are: resource ownership, patents and copyrights, government restrictions, and start-up costs. Barriers to entry are a key reason for market control and the inefficiency that this generates. In particular, monopoly, oligopoly, monopsony, and oligopsony often owe their market control to assorted barriers to entry. By way of contrast, perfect competition, monopolistic competition, and monopsonistic competition have few if any barriers to entry and thus little or no market control.
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AGGREGATE SUPPLY DECREASE, SHORT-RUN AGGREGATE MARKET A shock to the short-run aggregate market caused by a decrease in aggregate supply, resulting in and illustrated by a leftward shift of the short-run aggregate supply curve. A decrease in aggregate supply in the short-run aggregate market results in an increase in the price level and a decrease in real production. The level of real production resulting from the shock can be greater or less than full-employment real production.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time visiting every yard sale in a 30-mile radius seeking to buy either a decorative windchime with plastic or a flower arrangement for that special day for your mother. Be on the lookout for neighborhood pets, especially belligerent parrots.
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A communal society, a prime component of Karl Marx's communist philosophy, was advocated by the Greek philosophy Plato.
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"The shifts of fortune test the reliability of friends. " -- Marcus Tullius Cicero, Roman statesman
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JEL
Journal of Economic Literature
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