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COLLUSION AND EFFICIENCY: Colluding oligopolistic firms generally produce less output and charge a higher price than would be the case for a perfectly competitive industry. In essence, colluding oligopolistic firms function just as if a market were monopolized. The price charged by the colluding firms is higher than the marginal cost of production. The equality between price and marginal cost is THE key indication that resources are allocated efficiently and that society's resources are being used to generate the highest possible level of satisfaction. Because the colluding firms control the market like a monopoly, the market demand curve is THE demand curve for the colluding firms's. With a negatively-sloped demand curve, price is greater than marginal revenue. And because a profit-maximizing firm equates marginal revenue with marginal cost, the price charged by the colluding firms when the maximize industry profit is greater than marginal cost.
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EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES Policies undertaken by domestic governments often in conjunction with international financial organizations to control exchange rates through foreign exchange markets. The three most common exchange rate policies are flexible exchange rates, fixed exchange rates, and managed flexible exchange rates. Flexible exchange rates are allowed to adjust through unrestrained forces of demand and supply in the foreign exchange market. Fixed exchange rates are established at a given level. Managed flexible exchange rates are allowed to change within boundaries, but subject to control if they change too much.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a going out of business sale seeking to buy either handcrafted decorations to hang on your walls or throw pillows for your bed. Be on the lookout for cardboard boxes.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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The 1909 Lincoln penny was the first U.S. coin with the likeness of a U.S. President.
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"Difficulties mastered are opportunities won. " -- Winston Churchill, Statesman
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LRTC
Long Run Total Cost
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