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VOLUNTARY EXCHANGE: The process of willingly trading one item for another. The emphasis here is on "willingly." Voluntary exchanges are the heart and soul of market transactions, and should be contrasted with the "involuntary" exchanges mandated by government taxes, laws, and regulations. While involuntary government-forced exchanges play an important role in a mixed economy, economists really, really like voluntary market exchanges because they promote economic efficiency.
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AGGREGATE DEMAND The total real expenditures on final goods and services produced in the domestic economy that buyers are willing and able to undertake at different price levels, during a given time period (usually a year). Aggregate demand, usually abbreviated AD, is an inverse relation between price level and aggregate expenditures. This is one half of the AS-AD (aggregate market) analysis. The other half is aggregate supply. Aggregate demand consists of four aggregate expenditures--consumption expenditures, investment expenditures, government purchases, and net exports--made by the four macroeconomic sectors--household, business, government, and foreign.
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BLACK DISMALAPOD
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a going out of business sale looking to buy either a birthday gift for your mother or a weathervane with a horse on top. Be on the lookout for door-to-door salesmen.
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Two and a half gallons of oil are needed to produce one automobile tire.
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"It is not the mountain we conquer, but ourselves. " -- Sir Edmund Hillary, Explorer
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AFC
Average Fixed Cost
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