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SLOPE, LONG-RUN AGGREGATE SUPPLY CURVE: The long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve is a vertical line with an infinite slope, reflecting the independent relation between the price level and aggregate real production. A higher price level is associated with the same real production as a lower price level. And this real production is that produced when resources are fully employed, that is, full-employment production. Real production is unaffected by the price level because prices are flexible in the long run. Long-run price flexibility ensures that ALL markets (product, financial, and resource) are in equilibrium.
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ASSUMPTIONS, KEYNESIAN ECONOMICS The macroeconomic study of Keynesian economics relies on three key assumptions--rigid prices, effective demand, and savings-investment determinants. First, rigid or inflexible prices prevent some markets from achieving equilibrium in the short run. Second, effective demand means that consumption expenditures are based on actual income, not full employment or equilibrium income. Lastly, important savings and investment determinants include income, expectations, and other influences beyond the interest rate. These three assumptions imply that the economy can achieve a short-run equilibrium at less than full-employment production.
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The Dow Jones family of stock market price indexes began with a simple average of 11 stock prices in 1884.
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"You can't build a reputation on what you are going to do." -- Henry Ford, automaker
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LWOP
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