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TRADE BARRIER: A restriction, invariably by government, that prevents free trade among countries. The more popular trade restrictions are tariffs, import quotas, and assorted nontariff barriers. An occasional embargo will be even thrown into this mix. The primary use of trade barriers is to restrict imports from entering in country. By restring imports, domestic producers of the restricted goods are protected from competition and are even subsidized through higher prices. Consumers, though, get the short end of this stick with higher prices and a limited choice of goods. In that producers tend to have more political clout than consumers, it's pretty obvious why trade barriers are a "natural" state of affairs.
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EIGHT-FIRM CONCENTRATION RATIO The proportion of total output in an industry produced by the eight largest firms in an industry. This is one of two common concentration ratios. The other is the eight-firm concentration ratio. Another related measure is the Herfindahl index. The eight-firm concentration ratio is commonly used to indicate the degree to which an industry is oligopolistic and the extent of market control held by the eight largest firms in the industry.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time surfing the Internet looking to buy either galvanized steel storage shelves or a large green chalkboard shaped like the state of Maine. Be on the lookout for poorly written technical manuals.
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Lewis Carroll, the author of Alice in Wonderland, was the pseudonym of Charles Dodgson, an accomplished mathematician and economist.
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"The only place success comes before work is in the dictionary. " -- Vince Lombardi
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