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ABILITY-TO-PAY PRINCIPLE: A principle of taxation in which taxes are based on the income or resource-ownership ability of people to pay the tax. The income tax collected by our friends at the Internal Revenue Service is one of the most common taxes that seeks to abide by the ability-to-pay principle. In theory, the income tax system is set up such that people with greater incomes pay more taxes. Proportional and progressive taxes follow this ability-to-pay principle, while regressive taxes, such as sales taxes and Social Security taxes, don't.
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MARGINAL COST The change in total cost (or total variable cost) resulting from a change in the quantity of output produced by a firm in the short run. Marginal cost (MC) indicates how much total cost changes for a given change in the quantity of output. Because changes in total cost are matched by changes in total variable cost in the short run (total fixed cost is fixed), marginal cost is the change in either total cost or total variable cost. It is found by dividing the change in total cost (or total variable cost) by the change in output. Marginal cost is one of four cost concepts used in short-run production analysis. The other three are average total cost, average fixed cost, and average variable cost.
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time watching the shopping channel hoping to buy either a how-to book on the art of negotiation or a flower arrangement for your aunt. Be on the lookout for malfunctioning pocket calculators.
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Two and a half gallons of oil are needed to produce one automobile tire.
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"The true idealist pursues what his heart says is right in a way that his head says will work. " -- Richard Nixon, 37th US president
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PO
Pareto Optimal
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