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LAFFER CURVE: The graphical inverted-U relation between tax rates and total tax collections by government. Developed by economist Arthur Laffer, the Laffer curve formed a key theoretical foundation for supply-side economics of President Reagan during the 1980s. It is based on the notion that government collects zero revenue if the tax rate is 0% and if the tax rate is 100%. At a 100% tax rate no one has the incentive to work, produce, and earn income, so there is no income to tax. As such, the optimum tax rate, in which government revenue is maximized, lies somewhere between 0% and 100%. This generates a curve shaped like and inverted U, rising from zero to a peak, then falling back to zero. If the economy is operating to the right of the peak, then government revenue can be increased by decreasing the tax rate. This was used to justify supply-side economic policies during the Reagan Administration, especially the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (Kemp-Roth Act).
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BALANCED-BUDGET MULTIPLIER A measure of the change in aggregate production caused by equal changes in government purchases and taxes. The balanced-budget multiplier is equal to one, meaning that the multiplier effect of a change in taxes offsets all but the initial production triggered by the change in government purchases. This multiplier is the combination of the expenditures multiplier, which measures the change in aggregate production caused by changes in an autonomous aggregate expenditure, and the tax multiplier which measures the change in aggregate production caused by changes in taxes.
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YELLOW CHIPPEROON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a garage sale wanting to buy either a weathervane with a cow on top or a box of multi-colored, plastic paper clips. Be on the lookout for celebrities who speak directly to you through your television.
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The penny is the only coin minted by the U.S. government in which the "face" on the head looks to the right. All others face left.
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"Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new. " -- Albert Einstein, physicist
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RJE
RAND Journal of Economics
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