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CLOSED SHOP: An employment arrangement, usually written into a collective bargaining agreement, in which a firm is allowed to hire only labor union members. Because this gives a labor union complete control over the labor services supplied to a particular firm, it was one of the earliest methods used by labor unions to monopolized a labor market. However, closed shops were outlawed by the Taft-Hartley Act passed in 1947 and has been largely supplanted by union shops.
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GROSS PRIVATE DOMESTIC INVESTMENT This is the official item in the National Income and Product Accounts maintained by the Bureau of Economics Analysis measuring capital investment expenditures. Gross private domestic investment is expenditures on capital goods to be used for productive activities in the domestic economy that are undertaken by the business sector during a given time period. These expenditures tend to be the least stable of the four expenditures, averaging between 12-18 percent of gross domestic product. This percentage tends to be at the low end during business-cycle contractions and at the high end during business-cycle expansions. The other official expenditures included in the National Income and Product Accounts are personal consumption expenditures, government consumption expenditures and gross investment, and net exports of goods and services.
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YELLOW CHIPPEROON
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time surfing the Internet seeking to buy either a velvet painting of Elvis Presley or a wall poster commemorating yesterday. Be on the lookout for malfunctioning pocket calculators.
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Helping spur the U.S. industrial revolution, Thomas Edison patented nearly 1300 inventions, 300 of which came out of his Menlo Park "invention factory" during a four-year period.
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"Enthusiasm is the greatest asset in the world. It beats money and power and influence. It is no more or less than faith in action. " -- Henry Chester, Writer
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WIPO
World Intellectual Property Organization
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