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BANK PANIC OF 1907: A relatively serious economic downturn, that is business-cycle contraction, in 1907 that was caused by serious, big-time, instability in the banking system. This major bank panic was so severe (the term depression is more applicable than recession) that it prompted Congress to establish the Federal Reserve System, which came into existence in 1913. See fractional-reserve banking.
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AUTONOMOUS SAVING Household saving that does not depend on income or production (especially disposable income, national income, or even gross domestic product). That is, changes in income do not generate changes in saving. Autonomous saving is best thought of as a baseline level of saving (usually negative) that the household sector undertakes in the unlikely event that income falls to zero. It is measured by the intercept term of the saving function or the saving line. The alternative to autonomous saving is induced saving, which does depend on income.
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The first U.S. fire insurance company was established by Benjamin Franklin in 1752 in Philadelphia.
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"Ships are safe in harbor. But that is not what ships are for." -- Anonymous
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NNP
Net National Product
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