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ZERO-BASE BUDGET: A method of budgeting expenditures in which each expenditure is justified on its overall merits rather than being based on the budget for the previous year. A zero-base budget is most often proposed (but seldom implemented) for governments. Governments generally establish budget expenditures based on expenditures for the previous year. If, for example, budget expenditures last year were $100 billion, the requested budget for this year might be set at $110 billion. The existing $100 billion is a "given" and only the extra $10 billion is justified. With a zero-base budget, the entire $110 billion is justified.
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AGGREGATE SUPPLY DECREASE, SHORT-RUN AGGREGATE MARKET A shock to the short-run aggregate market caused by a decrease in aggregate supply, resulting in and illustrated by a leftward shift of the short-run aggregate supply curve. A decrease in aggregate supply in the short-run aggregate market results in an increase in the price level and a decrease in real production. The level of real production resulting from the shock can be greater or less than full-employment real production.
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a crowded estate auction seeking to buy either a large green chalkboard shaped like the state of Maine or a replacement battery for your pocket calculator. Be on the lookout for cardboard boxes.
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Only 1% of the U.S. population paid income taxes when the income tax was established in 1914.
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"In a time of drastic change, it is the learners who inherit the future. " -- Eric Hoffer, philosopher
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NORC
National Opinion Research Center
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