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AGGREGATE MARKET EQUILIBRIUM: The state of equilibrium that exists in the aggregate market when real aggregate expenditures are equal to real production with no imbalances to induce changes in the price level or real production. In other words, the opposing forces of aggregate demand (the buyers) and aggregate supply (the sellers) exactly offset each other. The four macroeconomic sector (household, business, government, and foreign) buyers purchase all of the real production that they seek at the existing price level and business-sector producers sell all of the real production that they have at the existing price level. The aggregate market equilibrium actually comes in two forms: (1) long-run equilibrium, in which all three aggregated markets (product, financial, and resource) are in equilibrium and (2) short-run equilibrium, in which the product and financial markets are in equilibrium, but the resource markets are not.
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FOUR-SECTOR INJECTIONS-LEAKAGES MODEL A variation of the Keynesian injections-leakages model that adds the foreign sector to the three domestic sectors--the household sector, the business sector, and the government sector. This variation adds the foreign to the three domestic sectors (household, business, and government) in the three-sector model and provides an alternative to the four-sector aggregate expenditures (Keynesian cross). It provides the complete Keynesian representation of the macroeconomy, including the export-import interaction between the domestic economy and the foreign sector. Equilibrium is identified as the intersection between the S + T + M line and the I + G + X line. Two related variations are the two-sector injections-leakages model and the three-sector injections-leakages model.
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There were no banks in colonial America before the U.S. Revolutionary War. Anyone seeking a loan did so from another individual.
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"All labor that uplifts humanity has dignity and importance and should be undertaken with painstaking excellence. " -- Martin Luther King Jr., civil rights leader
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BJE
Bell Journal of Economics
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