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X-INEFFICIENCY: Cost that is higher than it needs to be because a firm is operating inefficiently. This is most often seen for firms that have a great deal of market control, especially monopoly. The lack of competition allows a business to pad it's expenses, hire unneeded employees (like relatives), goof off instead of working, and all sorts of other things that lessen production and increase cost. The business is not penalized for these actions, because market control allows the company to extract whatever price is needed to cover cost.
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MARGINAL COST AND LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL RETURNS Decreasing then increasing marginal cost, reflected by a U-shaped marginal cost curve, is the result of increasing then decreasing marginal returns. In particular the decreasing marginal returns is caused by the law of diminishing marginal returns. As such, the law of diminishing marginal returns affects not only the short-run production of a firm but also the cost of short-run production. This translates into a positively-sloped supply curve for profit-maximizing competitive firms.
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time touring the new suburban shopping complex looking to buy either a birthday greeting card for your grandmother or a coffee cup commemorating yesterday. Be on the lookout for door-to-door salesmen.
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The earliest known use of paper currency was about 1270 in China during the rule of Kubla Khan.
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"Managing intellectual assets has become the single most important task of business. " -- Thomas Stewart, author
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