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VOLUNTARY EXCHANGE: The process of willingly trading one item for another. The emphasis here is on "willingly." Voluntary exchanges are the heart and soul of market transactions, and should be contrasted with the "involuntary" exchanges mandated by government taxes, laws, and regulations. While involuntary government-forced exchanges play an important role in a mixed economy, economists really, really like voluntary market exchanges because they promote economic efficiency.
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PERFECT COMPETITION, LONG-RUN ADJUSTMENT A perfectly competitive industry undertakes a two-part adjustment to equilibrium in the long run. One is the adjustment of each perfectly competitive firm to the appropriate factory size that maximizes long-run profit. The other is the entry of firms into the industry or exit of firms out of the industry, to eliminate economic profit or economic loss. The end result of this long-run adjustment is a multi-faceted equilibrium condition that price is equal to marginal cost and average cost (both short run and long run).
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ORANGE REBELOON
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time looking for the new strip mall out on the highway looking to buy either several magazines on time travel or 500 feet of telephone cable. Be on the lookout for vindictive digital clocks with revenge on their minds.
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Much of the $15 million used by the United States to finance the Louisiana Purchase from France was borrowed from European banks.
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"The difference between a successful person and others is not a lack of strength, not a lack of knowledge, but rather a lack of will. " -- Vince Lombardi
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NTB
Non-Tariff Barrier
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