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GRAPH: A picture, image, or diagram that is used to display information. Graphs are most commonly used in the economics to depict relations between two variables, that is a two-dimensional graph. The market diagram is perhaps the most noted graph used in economics. This graph reflects the market price on the vertical axis and the quantity exchanged on the horizontal axis. The two key relations depicted on the graph are the demand curve, which is an inverse relation between price and quantity, and the supply curve, which is a direct relation between price and quantity.
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SHORTAGE A condition in the market in which the quantity demanded is greater than the quantity supplied at the existing price. Because buyers are unable to buy as much of the good as they want, a shortage generally causes an increase in the market price, which then acts to restore equilibrium. A shortage, which also goes by the terms excess demand and sellers' market, is one of two basic states of disequilibrium for the market. The other is surplus.
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In the Middle Ages, pepper was used for bartering, and it was often more valuable and stable in value than gold.
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"Plans are only good intentions unless they immediately degenerate into hard work." -- Peter Drucker, management consultant
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NFA
National Futures Association
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