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ZERO-BASE BUDGET: A method of budgeting expenditures in which each expenditure is justified on its overall merits rather than being based on the budget for the previous year. A zero-base budget is most often proposed (but seldom implemented) for governments. Governments generally establish budget expenditures based on expenditures for the previous year. If, for example, budget expenditures last year were $100 billion, the requested budget for this year might be set at $110 billion. The existing $100 billion is a "given" and only the extra $10 billion is justified. With a zero-base budget, the entire $110 billion is justified.
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BARRIERS TO ENTRY Institutional, government, technological, or economic restrictions on the entry of participants into a market or industry. The four primary barriers to entry are: (1) resource ownership, (2) patents and copyrights, (3) government restrictions, and (2) start-up cost. Barriers to entry are a key reason for market control and the inefficiency that results. In particular, monopoly, oligopoly, monopsony, and oligopsony often owe their market control to assorted barriers to entry. By way of contrast, perfect competition, monopolistic competition, and monopsonistic competition have few if any barriers to entry and thus little or no market control.
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling through a department store trying to buy either a New York Yankees baseball cap or a solid oak entertainment center. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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Two and a half gallons of oil are needed to produce one automobile tire.
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"Every time you win, it diminishes the fear a little bit. You never really cancel the fear of losing; you keep challenging it. " -- Arthur Ashe, tennis player
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WLS
Weighted Least Squares
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