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ABSTRACTION: Simplifying the complexities of the real world by ignoring (hopefully) unimportant details while doing economic analysis. Abstraction is often criticized because it's, well, it's JUST NOT REALISTIC. However, when done correctly (ignoring things that JUST DON'T MATTER), then the pursuit of knowledge is greatly enhanced by abstraction. For example, when travelling cross country along a high-speed interstate highway, a paper road map is a handy tool. It shows towns and cities along the way, the major intersections, rest stop locations, and other important points of interest. However, it ignores unimportant details. It doesn't realistically show the location of every tree, bush, or blade of grass. Why bother? This information won't enhance your road trip.
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TAX EQUITY The notion that taxes are imposed on society in a fair and equitable way. The two standards of fairness and equity used to evaluate taxes are the benefit principle -- those who benefit from government pay the taxes, and the ability-to-pay principle -- those with the most income pay the taxes. The ability-to-pay principle gives rise to two additional notions of fairness -- horizontal equity (those with equal incomes pay equal taxes) and vertical equity (those with different incomes pay different taxes).
Complete Entry | Visit the WEB*pedia |
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It's estimated that the U.S. economy has about $20 million of counterfeit currency in circulation, less than 0.001 perecent of the total legal currency.
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"The tragedy of life is not so much what men suffer, but rather what they miss. " -- Thomas Carlyle, Historian
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GATT
General Agreementon Tariffs and Trade
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