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BUSINESS CYCLES: The recurring expansions and contractions of the national economy (usually measured by real gross domestic product). A complete cycle typically lasts from three to five years, but could last ten years or more. It is divided into four phases -- expansion, peak, contraction, and trough. Unemployment inevitably rises during contractions and inflation tends to worsen during expansions. To avoid the inflation and unemployment problems of business cycles, the federal government frequently undertakes various fiscal and monetary policies.
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PERFECTLY INELASTIC An elasticity alternative in which changes in one variable (usually price) do NOT cause any changes in another variable (usually quantity). Quantity is totally, completely unresponsive to price. Quantity just does not change, regardless of changes in price. This characterization of elasticity is most important for the price elasticity of demand and the price elasticity of supply. Perfectly inelastic is one of five elasticity alternatives. The other four are perfectly elastic, relatively elastic, relatively inelastic, and unit elastic.
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a garage sale trying to buy either an ink cartridge for your printer or a rechargeable battery for your camera. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives.
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Only 1% of the U.S. population paid income taxes when the income tax was established in 1914.
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"Long-range goals keep you from being frustrated by short-term failures " -- J. C. Penney, Retailer
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