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HORIZONTAL MERGER: The consolidation under a single ownership of two separately-owned businesses in the same industry. An example of a horizontal merger would be two soft drink companies merging to form a single firm. A horizontal merger should be contrasted with vertical merger--two firms in different stages of the production of one good, such that the output of one business is the input of the other; and conglomerate merger--two firms in totally, completely separate industries.
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CARTEL A formal agreement between businesses in the same industry, usually on an international scale, to gain market control, raise the market price, and otherwise act like a monopoly. The most famous international cartel is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), which seeks to exert control over the world oil market. Other cartels have existed, or still exist, in the global markets for uranium, diamonds, long distance telephone services, and airlines.
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a garage sale trying to buy either a rechargeable battery for your camera or a coffee cup commemorating the first day of spring. Be on the lookout for vindictive digital clocks with revenge on their minds.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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Okun's Law posits that the unemployment rate increases by 1% for every 2% gap between real GDP and full-employment real GDP.
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"A leader, once convinced that a particular course of action is the right one, must . . . be undaunted when the going gets tough." -- President Ronald Reagan
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IBRD
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
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