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PIGOUVIAN TAX: A tax on an external cost, such as pollution, designed to use market forces to achieve an efficient allocation of resources. A. C. Pigou, one of the first economists to study the market failure of externalities, is credited with developing this tax system for internalizing costs external to the market. An external cost caused by pollution, for example, can be internalized if polluters pay a tax equal to the value of the external cost.
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BUSINESS CYCLE PHASES The recurring, but irregular, pattern of business cycles can be divided into two basic phases--expansion and contraction. An expansion is a period of increasing economic activity and a contraction is a period of declining economic activity. These two phases are marked by two transitions. The transition from expansion to contraction is termed a peak and the transition from contraction to expansion is termed a trough. The early portion of an expansion is often referred to as a recovery.
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BLACK DISMALAPOD
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time flipping through mail order catalogs wanting to buy either a birthday gift for your aunt or a pair of leather sandals that won't cause blisters. Be on the lookout for door-to-door salesmen.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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The wealthy industrialist, Andrew Carnegie, was once removed from a London tram because he lacked the money needed for the fare.
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"Work is an extension of personality. It is achievement. It is one of the ways in which a person defines himself, measures his worth ‚ and his humanity. " -- Peter Drucker, author
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APP
Average Physical Product
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