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LAFFER CURVE: The graphical inverted-U relation between tax rates and total tax collections by government. Developed by economist Arthur Laffer, the Laffer curve formed a key theoretical foundation for supply-side economics of President Reagan during the 1980s. It is based on the notion that government collects zero revenue if the tax rate is 0% and if the tax rate is 100%. At a 100% tax rate no one has the incentive to work, produce, and earn income, so there is no income to tax. As such, the optimum tax rate, in which government revenue is maximized, lies somewhere between 0% and 100%. This generates a curve shaped like and inverted U, rising from zero to a peak, then falling back to zero. If the economy is operating to the right of the peak, then government revenue can be increased by decreasing the tax rate. This was used to justify supply-side economic policies during the Reagan Administration, especially the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (Kemp-Roth Act).
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SELLERS' EXPECTATIONS, SUPPLY DETERMINANT The expectations that sellers have concerning the future price of a good, which is assumed constant when a supply curve is constructed. If sellers expect a higher price, then supply decreases. If sellers expect a lower price, then supply increases. Sellers' expectations are one of five supply determinants that shift the supply curve when they change. The other four are resource prices, production technology, other prices, and number of sellers.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at an auction wanting to buy either a coffee cup commemorating yesterday or a replacement remote control for your television. Be on the lookout for neighborhood pets, especially belligerent parrots.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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A lump of pure gold the size of a matchbox can be flattened into a sheet the size of a tennis court!
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"Seek always to do some good, somewhere. Every man has to seek in his own way to realize his true worth. You must give some time to your fellow man. For remember, you donžt live in a world all your own. Your brothers are here too. " -- Albert Schweitzer, humanitarian
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IIA
Irrelevance of Independent Alternatives
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