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PARETO IMPROVEMENT: Based on the Pareto efficiency criterion, the notion that an action improves efficiency if it is possible for one person to benefit without anyone else being harmed. A Pareto improvement is possible if the economy has idle resources or market failures. With idle resources, more production is possible to help some without hurting others. With market failures, corrective actions can eliminate deadweight loss that can then be use for benefits economy-wide. A contrasting condition for attaining efficiency is the Kaldor-Hicks improvement.
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FREE-RIDER PROBLEM A problem underlying the provision of public goods that occurs when a person consumes or benefits from a good without making payment. The free-rider problem is the primary reason that public goods are produced by governments. Because public goods are characterized by the inability to exclude nonpayers, once a public good is produced anyone, everyone, can consume without making payment, that is, get a "free ride." Voluntary payments like those occurring in markets will not provide enough revenue to pay production costs. The only way to finance public goods is to force free-riders, and everyone else, to pay through government taxes. The free-rider problem also applies to common-property goods.
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ORANGE REBELOON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time surfing the Internet trying to buy either software that won't crash your computer or any book written by Stephan King. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives.
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In the Middle Ages, pepper was used for bartering, and it was often more valuable and stable in value than gold.
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"It is part of the American character to consider nothing as desperate. " -- President Thomas Jefferson
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DCF
Discounted Cash Flow
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