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PARETO EFFICIENCY: A type of efficiency that results if one person can not be made better off without making someone else worse off. Named after Vilfredo Pareto, this criterion is the guiding theoretical notion of efficiency used in the study of economics, especially welfare economics. Pareto efficiency is generally not attained if some resources are idle or unemployed. By engaging idle resources in production, some people can have more production without reducing that available to others. A problem with Pareto efficiency, however, is that it is based on the existing distribution of income and wealth. This is one of two noted efficiency criteria used in economics. The other is Kaldor-Hicks efficiency.
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MARGINAL UTILITY-PRICE RATIO The ratio of the marginal utility obtained from consuming a good to the price of the good. This ratio is particularly important in determining consumer equilibrium, which is reached when the marginal utility-price ratios are the same for all goods. Equality between all marginal utility-price ratios is the rule of consumer equilibrium which is satisfied with utility maximization.
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GREEN LOGIGUIN
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time wandering around the downtown area hoping to buy either a wall poster commemorating the 2000 Olympics or a flower arrangement with a lot of roses for your grandmother. Be on the lookout for neighborhood pets, especially belligerent parrots.
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A U.S. dime has 118 groves around its edge, one fewer than a U.S. quarter.
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"Defeat is simply a signal to press onward. " -- Helen Keller, author, lecturer
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IIPF
International Institute of Public Finance
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