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LONG-RUN AVERAGE COST CURVE: A curve depicting the per unit cost of producing a good or service in the long run when all inputs are variable. The long-run average cost curve (usually abbreviated LRAC) can be derived in two ways. On is to plot long-run average cost, which is, long-run total cost divided by the quantity of output produced. at different output levels. The more common method, however, is as an envelope of an infinite number of short-run average total cost curves. Such an envelope is base on identifying the point on each short-run average total cost curve that provides the lowest possible average cost for each quantity of output. The long-run average cost curve is U-shaped, reflecting economies of scale (or increasing returns to scale) when negatively-sloped and diseconomies of scale (or decreasing returns to scale) when positively sloped. The minimum point (or range) on the LRAC curve is the minimum efficient scale.
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MACROECONOMICS The branch of economics that studies the entire economy, especially such topics as aggregate production, unemployment, inflation, and business cycles. It can be thought of as the study of the economic forest, as compared to microeconomics, which is study of the economic trees.
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GRAY SKITTERY
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time flipping through mail order catalogs looking to buy either a genuine down-filled comforter or a 200-foot blue garden hose. Be on the lookout for high interest rates.
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One of the largest markets for gold in the United States is the manufacturing of class rings.
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"Old age isn't so bad when you consider the alternative. " -- Cato, Roman orator
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IV
Instrumental Variables
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