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DEMAND ELASTICITY AND TOTAL EXPENDITURE: The notion that price-induced changes in total expenditure for a good (price times quantity) depends on the relative price elasticity of demand. In particular, for relatively elastic demand (1 < E < ∞) changes in price cause total expenditure to change in the opposite direction. An increase in price causes total expenditure to fall and a decrease in price causes total expenditure to rise. For relatively inelastic demand (0 < E < 1) changes in price cause total expenditure to change in the same direction. An increase in price causes total expenditure to rise and a decrease in price causes total expenditure to fall. For unit elastic demand (E =1) price changes do not cause any change in total expenditure. Total expenditure is the same whether price increases or decreases.
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RISK NEUTRALITY A preference for risk in which a person is indifferent between guaranteed or certain income over risky income. Risk neutrality arises due to constant marginal utility of income. A risk neutral person has no preference for or against risk. This is one of three risk preferences. The other two are risk aversion and risk loving.
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BLUE PLACIDOLA
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a flea market hoping to buy either a birthday greeting card for your grandmother or a coffee cup commemorating yesterday. Be on the lookout for vindictive digital clocks with revenge on their minds.
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In the late 1800s and early 1900s, almost 2 million children were employed as factory workers.
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"Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other. " -- Benjamin Franklin
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BIS
Bank for International Settlements
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