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LONG-RUN AVERAGE COST CURVE: A curve depicting the per unit cost of producing a good or service in the long run when all inputs are variable. The long-run average cost curve (usually abbreviated LRAC) can be derived in two ways. On is to plot long-run average cost, which is, long-run total cost divided by the quantity of output produced. at different output levels. The more common method, however, is as an envelope of an infinite number of short-run average total cost curves. Such an envelope is base on identifying the point on each short-run average total cost curve that provides the lowest possible average cost for each quantity of output. The long-run average cost curve is U-shaped, reflecting economies of scale (or increasing returns to scale) when negatively-sloped and diseconomies of scale (or decreasing returns to scale) when positively sloped. The minimum point (or range) on the LRAC curve is the minimum efficient scale.
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AGGREGATE SUPPLY INCREASE, LONG-RUN AGGREGATE MARKET A shock to the long-run aggregate market caused by an increase in aggregate supply, resulting in and illustrated by a rightward shift of the long-run aggregate supply curve. An increase in aggregate supply in the long-run aggregate market results in a decrease in the price level and an increase in real production. The level of real production resulting from the shock is a greater level of full-employment real production.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time wandering around the downtown area hoping to buy either a Boston Red Sox baseball cap or a square lamp shade with frills along the bottom. Be on the lookout for gnomes hiding in cypress trees.
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Post WWI induced hyperinflation in German in the early 1900s raised prices by 726 million times from 1918 to 1923.
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"In the long run men hit only what they aim at. " -- Henry David Thoreau, philosopher
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IBS
International Bank for Settlements
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