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PARETO EFFICIENCY: A type of efficiency that results if one person can not be made better off without making someone else worse off. Named after Vilfredo Pareto, this criterion is the guiding theoretical notion of efficiency used in the study of economics, especially welfare economics. Pareto efficiency is generally not attained if some resources are idle or unemployed. By engaging idle resources in production, some people can have more production without reducing that available to others. A problem with Pareto efficiency, however, is that it is based on the existing distribution of income and wealth. This is one of two noted efficiency criteria used in economics. The other is Kaldor-Hicks efficiency.
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CONCENTRATION RATIOS A family of measures of the proportion of total output in an industry that is produced by a given number of the largest firms in the industry. The two most common concentration ratios are for the four largest firms and the eight largest firms. The four-firm concentration ratio is the proportion of total output produced by the four largest firms in the industry and the eight-firm concentration ratio is proportion of total output produced by the eight largest firms in the industry. Concentration ratios are commonly used to indicate the degree to which an industry is oligopolistic and the extent of market control of the largest firms in the industry. A related measure is the Herfindahl index.
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ORANGE REBELOON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time calling an endless list of 800 numbers hoping to buy either 500 feet of coaxial cable or a coffee cup commemorating the 1960 Presidential election. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives.
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The first U.S. fire insurance company was established by Benjamin Franklin in 1752 in Philadelphia.
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"A stumble may prevent a fall. " -- Margaret Thatcher, British prime minister
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U
Unemployment
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