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TAX INCIDENCE: The ultimate payment of a tax. Many taxes are initially paid by one person, but passed along through production and consumption activities until it finally reaches someone else. An obvious example is the sales tax. While officially paid by the retail store (they write the check to the government), it's tacked on to the prices paid by consumers. Consumers, thus, bear the lion's share of most sales taxes. The incidence of other taxes is not quite so obvious. Some taxes are paid by producers early in production such as severance taxes on oil extraction without the knowledge of consumers, who end up paying through higher prices. As a general rule taxes are passed through the system until they reach someone (usually consumers) who can pass it no further.
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FLEXIBLE PRICES The proposition that prices adjust in the long run in response to market shortages or surpluses. This condition is most important for long-run macroeconomic activity and long-run aggregate market analysis. In particular, flexible prices are the key reason for the vertical slope of the long-run aggregate supply curve. This proposition is also central to the original classical theory of macroeconomics and to modern variations, including rational expectations, new classical theory, and supply-side economics.
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PINK FADFLY
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing through a long list of dot com websites wanting to buy either a rim for your spare tire or decorative celebrity figurines. Be on the lookout for attractive cable television service repair people.
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In the late 1800s and early 1900s, almost 2 million children were employed as factory workers.
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"Never confuse a single defeat with a final defeat." -- F. Scott Fitzgerald, writer
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JHR
Journal of Human Resources
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