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PARETO EFFICIENCY: A type of efficiency that results if one person can not be made better off without making someone else worse off. Named after Vilfredo Pareto, this criterion is the guiding theoretical notion of efficiency used in the study of economics, especially welfare economics. Pareto efficiency is generally not attained if some resources are idle or unemployed. By engaging idle resources in production, some people can have more production without reducing that available to others. A problem with Pareto efficiency, however, is that it is based on the existing distribution of income and wealth. This is one of two noted efficiency criteria used in economics. The other is Kaldor-Hicks efficiency.
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THIRD RULE OF INEQUALITY The third of seven basic rules of the economy, stating that resources, income, and wealth are not equally distributed. Some people have more resources, income, and wealth and some people have less. Such inequality is due to natural abilities, acquired talents, market control, political power, and sheer luck.
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BLUE PLACIDOLA
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling around a discount warehouse buying club trying to buy either a flower arrangement for your aunt or a birthday greeting card for your uncle. Be on the lookout for empty parking spaces that appear to be near the entrance to a store.
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Approximately three-fourths of the U.S. paper currency in circular contains traces of cocaine.
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"I've always believed that if you put in the work, the results will come. I don't do things half-heartedly. Because I know if I do, then I can expect half-hearted results. " -- Michael Jordan, basketball player
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IV
Instrumental Variables
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