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LONG-RUN TOTAL COST: The opportunity cost incurred by all of the factors of production used in the long run (when all inputs are variable) by a firm to produce of a good or service, including wages paid to labor, rent paid for the land, interest paid to capital owners, and a normal profit paid to entrepreneurs. Unlike short-run total cost, long-run total cost can not be separated into fixed cost and variable cost. In the long run, all inputs are variable, so all cost is variable.
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EIGHT-FIRM CONCENTRATION RATIO The proportion of total output in an industry produced by the eight largest firms in an industry. This is one of two common concentration ratios. The other is the eight-firm concentration ratio. Another related measure is the Herfindahl index. The eight-firm concentration ratio is commonly used to indicate the degree to which an industry is oligopolistic and the extent of market control held by the eight largest firms in the industry.
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Parker Brothers, the folks who produce the Monopoly board game, prints more Monopoly money each year than real currency printed by the U.S. government.
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"Those who are blessed with the most talent don't necessarily outperform everyone else. It's the people with follow-through who excel. " -- Mary Kay Ash, May Kay Cosmetics founder
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WPO
Weakly Pareto Optimal
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