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EXCESS CAPACITY: A condition that exists when monopolistic competition achieves long-run equilibrium such that production by each firm is less than minimum efficient scale. The implication of this condition is that each firm is not producing up to its fullest capacity, as would be the case under perfect competition, and thus more firms are need to produce total market output compared to perfect competition. Excess capacity results because market control means a monopolistically competitive firm faces a negatively-sloped demand curve. Long-run equilibrium is thus achieved by the tangency of the negatively-sloped demand curve and the long-run average cost curve, which results in economies to scale.
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INDUCED GOVERNMENT PURCHASES Government purchases that depend on income or production (especially national income and gross domestic product). That is, changes in income induce changes in government purchases. Induced government purchases reflect the observation that the government sector (especially state and local governments) is inclined to use tax revenue, which increases with income, for purchases. They are measured by the marginal propensity for government purchases (MPG) and are reflected by the positive slope of government purchases line. The alternative to induced government purchases is autonomous government purchases, which do not depend on income.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling around a discount warehouse buying club looking to buy either storage boxes for your summer clothes or 500 feet of coaxial cable. Be on the lookout for defective microphones.
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Lewis Carroll, the author of Alice in Wonderland, was the pseudonym of Charles Dodgson, an accomplished mathematician and economist.
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"The difference between the impossible and the possible lies in a person's determination. " -- Tommy Lasorda
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