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LAFFER CURVE: The graphical inverted-U relation between tax rates and total tax collections by government. Developed by economist Arthur Laffer, the Laffer curve formed a key theoretical foundation for supply-side economics of President Reagan during the 1980s. It is based on the notion that government collects zero revenue if the tax rate is 0% and if the tax rate is 100%. At a 100% tax rate no one has the incentive to work, produce, and earn income, so there is no income to tax. As such, the optimum tax rate, in which government revenue is maximized, lies somewhere between 0% and 100%. This generates a curve shaped like and inverted U, rising from zero to a peak, then falling back to zero. If the economy is operating to the right of the peak, then government revenue can be increased by decreasing the tax rate. This was used to justify supply-side economic policies during the Reagan Administration, especially the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (Kemp-Roth Act).
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INCREASING-COST INDUSTRY A perfectly competitive industry with a positively-sloped long-run industry supply curve that results because expansion of the industry causes higher production cost and resource prices. An increasing-cost industry occurs because the entry of new firms, prompted by an increase in demand, causes the long-run average cost curve of each firm to shift upward, which increases the minimum efficient scale of production.
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GRAY SKITTERY
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time driving to a factory outlet trying to buy either a how-to book on fixing your computer, with illustrations or several magazines on computer software. Be on the lookout for the happiest person in the room.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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Mark Twain said "I wonder how much it would take to buy soap buble if there was only one in the world."
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"The purpose of learning is growth, and our minds, unlike our bodies, can continue growing as long as we live." -- Mortimer Adler
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U
Unemployment
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