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LAFFER CURVE: The graphical inverted-U relation between tax rates and total tax collections by government. Developed by economist Arthur Laffer, the Laffer curve formed a key theoretical foundation for supply-side economics of President Reagan during the 1980s. It is based on the notion that government collects zero revenue if the tax rate is 0% and if the tax rate is 100%. At a 100% tax rate no one has the incentive to work, produce, and earn income, so there is no income to tax. As such, the optimum tax rate, in which government revenue is maximized, lies somewhere between 0% and 100%. This generates a curve shaped like and inverted U, rising from zero to a peak, then falling back to zero. If the economy is operating to the right of the peak, then government revenue can be increased by decreasing the tax rate. This was used to justify supply-side economic policies during the Reagan Administration, especially the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (Kemp-Roth Act).
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PAYMENT FLOW In the circular flow, the transfer of money in payment in exchange for the counter-clockwise physical flow of goods and services. The payment flow is the monetary payment for goods and services received by the household sector from the business sector through product markets and the monetary payment for resource services obtained by the business sector from the household sector through resource markets. The payment flow is usually illustrated as a clockwise flow for a model with the product markets at the top, resource markets at the bottom, household sector at the left, and business sector at the left. The physical flow moves in the opposite direction.
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BEIGE MUNDORTLE
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time driving to a factory outlet looking to buy either a how-to book on wine tasting or a bookshelf that will fit in your closet. Be on the lookout for attractive cable television service repair people.
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North Carolina supplied all the domestic gold coined for currency by the U.S. Mint in Philadelphia until 1828.
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"Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm." -- Sir Winston Churchill
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EFTA
European Free Trade Association
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