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REALISM OF MONOPOLY: If taken to the extreme, monopoly, like perfect competition is an ideal market structure that does not actually exist in the real world. In the extreme, a "pure" monopoly is a market containing one and only ONE seller of good, a good with absolutely, positively no substitutes. The product is absolutely, certifiably unique. It's not just that it has no CLOSE substitutes, it has NO substitutes. Period. End of story. In the real world, however, every product, no matter how seemingly unique it might appear, has substitutes. The substitutes might not be very close. They might be really, really bad substitutes. But they are substitutes. As such, there are no pure monopolies in the real world.
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TAX EQUITY The notion that taxes are imposed on society in a fair and equitable way. The two standards of fairness and equity used to evaluate taxes are the benefit principle -- those who benefit from government pay the taxes, and the ability-to-pay principle -- those with the most income pay the taxes. The ability-to-pay principle gives rise to two additional notions of fairness -- horizontal equity (those with equal incomes pay equal taxes) and vertical equity (those with different incomes pay different taxes).
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GREEN LOGIGUIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time visiting every yard sale in a 30-mile radius hoping to buy either a how-to book on the art of negotiation or a flower arrangement for your aunt. Be on the lookout for door-to-door salesmen.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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North Carolina supplied all the domestic gold coined for currency by the U.S. Mint in Philadelphia until 1828.
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"He who has a „why¾ to live can bear with almost any „how."" -- Friedrich Nietzsche, Philosopher
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AIC
Akaike's Information Criterion
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