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AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR: Started as a collection of craft unions in 1886, this is now one half of the umbrella organization for labor unions in the United States (the AFL part of AFL-CIO). As a collection of craft unions, the AFL primarily represented skilled workers in particular occupations. However, it also contained unions representing unskilled industrial workers, which led to a rift among AFL members in 1938 and spawned the formation of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). This rift was closed in 1955, when both joined together to form the AFL-CIO, which is the primary advocate for workers and labor unions in the United States.
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FEDERAL OPEN MARKET COMMITTEE A committee of the Federal Reserve Board that is charged with conducting open market operations and is more generally responsible for guiding monetary policy. It is comprised of the 7 members of the Board of Governors and the Presidents of 5 Federal Reserve District Banks. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meets about eight times a years, on average every six weeks, usually on a Tuesday, to set the course of monetary policy. The Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board is also the Chairman of the FOMC. The President of the New York Federal Reserve Bank is always on this committee and is invariably selected as the Vice Chairman of the FOMC.
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The wealthy industrialist, Andrew Carnegie, was once removed from a London tram because he lacked the money needed for the fare.
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"Success is where preparation and opportunity meet." -- Bobby Unser, Race car driver
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IJIO
International Journal of Industrial Organization
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