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DEMAND ELASTICITY AND TOTAL EXPENDITURE: The notion that price-induced changes in total expenditure for a good (price times quantity) depends on the relative price elasticity of demand. In particular, for relatively elastic demand (1 < E < ∞) changes in price cause total expenditure to change in the opposite direction. An increase in price causes total expenditure to fall and a decrease in price causes total expenditure to rise. For relatively inelastic demand (0 < E < 1) changes in price cause total expenditure to change in the same direction. An increase in price causes total expenditure to rise and a decrease in price causes total expenditure to fall. For unit elastic demand (E =1) price changes do not cause any change in total expenditure. Total expenditure is the same whether price increases or decreases.
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TAX EFFECTS The primary reason that governments collect taxes from members of society is to finance government operations and provide public goods. However, taxes also create disincentives to engage in the taxed activity, which causes a change in the allocation of resources. This two consequences of taxes are summarized in two essential tax effects -- the revenue effect and the allocation effect. While all taxes have both, the key to effective government is minimize the allocation effect if the goal is to generate revenue and to minimize the revenue effect if the goal is to change the allocation of resources.
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GRAY SKITTERY
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time watching infomercials hoping to buy either a stretchable, flexible watch band or high-gloss photo paper that works with your printer. Be on the lookout for fairy dust that tastes like salt.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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Okun's Law posits that the unemployment rate increases by 1% for every 2% gap between real GDP and full-employment real GDP.
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"In a time of drastic change, it is the learners who inherit the future. " -- Eric Hoffer, philosopher
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NCUA
National Credit Union Administration
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