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UNION SHOP: An employment arrangement, usually written into a collective bargaining agreement, in which a firm is free to hire both union and nonunion employees, with the stipulation that workers must join the union once hired. Union shops became a popular method of gaining control over the labor services when closed shops were outlawed by the Taft-Hartley Act passed in 1947. Those states with right-to-work laws effectively outlaw union shops. The alternative to a union shop is an open shop.
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INJECTIONS-LEAKAGES MODEL A macroeconomic model that balances non-consumption expenditures on production (injections) and non-consumption uses of income (leakages) that is used to identify the equilibrium level of, and analyze disruptions to, aggregate production and income. The injections-leakages model is based on the principles of Keynesian economics and provides an alternative to the standard aggregate expenditures (Keynesian cross) analysis. The three injections included in the model are investment expenditures, government purchases, and exports. The three leakages included in the model are saving, taxes, and imports. Three variations are the two-sector injections-leakages model (or saving-investment model), three-sector injections-leakages model, and four-sector injections-leakages model.
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time watching the shopping channel trying to buy either a New York Yankees baseball cap or several magazines on home repairs. Be on the lookout for malfunctioning pocket calculators.
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Cyrus McCormick not only invented the reaper for harvesting grain, he also invented the installment payment for selling his reaper.
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"The will to win is important, but the will to prepare is vital. " -- Joe Paterno, football coach
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VAT
Value Added Tax
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