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VOLUNTARY EXCHANGE: The process of willingly trading one item for another. The emphasis here is on "willingly." Voluntary exchanges are the heart and soul of market transactions, and should be contrasted with the "involuntary" exchanges mandated by government taxes, laws, and regulations. While involuntary government-forced exchanges play an important role in a mixed economy, economists really, really like voluntary market exchanges because they promote economic efficiency.
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COMMON-PROPERTY GOODS Goods characterized by rival consumption and the inability to exclude nonpayers. Common-property goods are one of four types of goods differentiated by consumption rivalry and nonpayer excludability. The other three goods are private (rival consumption and nonpayers can be excluded), public (nonrival consumption and nonpayers cannot be excluded), and near-public (nonrival consumption and nonpayers can be excluded). Nonrival consumption and the ease of excluding of nonpayers means common-property goods cannot be efficiently exchanged through markets and are often overconsumed.
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GRAY SKITTERY
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at an auction looking to buy either an instructional DVD on learning to the play the oboe or a small, foam rubber football. Be on the lookout for broken fingernail clippers.
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In his older years, Andrew Carnegie seldom carried money because he was offended by its sight and touch.
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"He who has a „why¾ to live can bear with almost any „how."" -- Friedrich Nietzsche, Philosopher
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CPI-U
Consumer Price Index-All Urban Consumers
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