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July 12, 2025 

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A POSTERIORI: A conclusion reached through logical reasoning based on facts and observations about the real world. This notion is closely related to the scientific verification of hypotheses and the identification of principles. A similar sounding, but opposite term is a prior, which is a unverified presumption made before an analysis is undertaken. For example, in the study of economics of crime you might assume, a priori, that people are basically "good", and conclude, a posteriori, that people are more likely to commit crimes when the threat of capture and conviction is lower.

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MONOPOLY AND EFFICIENCY: A monopoly firm generally produces less output and chargers a higher price than would be the case for a perfectly competitive industry. In particular, the price charged by a monopoly is not equal to (in fact, higher than) the marginal cost of production. The equality between price and marginal cost is THE key indication that resources are allocated efficiently and that society's resources are being used to generate the highest possible level of satisfaction.

     See also | monopoly | market control | marginal cost | demand curve | market failure | monopoly characteristics | monopoly and demand | monopoly profit | monopoly and perfect competition | inefficiency |


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SUPPLY INCREASE

An increase in the willingness and ability of sellers to sell a good at the existing price, illustrated by a rightward shift of the supply curve. An increase in supply is caused by a change in a supply determinant and results in an increase in equilibrium quantity and a decrease in equilibrium price. A supply increase is one of two supply shocks to the market. The other is a supply decrease.

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ORANGE REBELOON
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time touring the new suburban shopping complex trying to buy either several magazines on home repairs or a remote controlled sports car with an air spoiler. Be on the lookout for empty parking spaces that appear to be near the entrance to a store.
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Post WWI induced hyperinflation in German in the early 1900s raised prices by 726 million times from 1918 to 1923.
"What gets measured gets done."

-- Peter Drucker, educator

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