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PARETO IMPROVEMENT: Based on the Pareto efficiency criterion, the notion that an action improves efficiency if it is possible for one person to benefit without anyone else being harmed. A Pareto improvement is possible if the economy has idle resources or market failures. With idle resources, more production is possible to help some without hurting others. With market failures, corrective actions can eliminate deadweight loss that can then be use for benefits economy-wide. A contrasting condition for attaining efficiency is the Kaldor-Hicks improvement.
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SUBSIDY: A payment from government to individuals or businesses without any expectations of production. The best way of thinking about a subsidy is as a negative tax. Government extends subsidies for many different reasons. They go to students, unemployed workers, the poor, farmers, wealthy friends of political leaders, businesses trying to fend off foreign competitors, and the list could go on. Subsidies are frequently used to redirect resources from one good to another. Sometimes this is justified on efficiency grounds and other times it's just the result of political power. See also | tax | production | transfer payment | efficiency | special interest group |
Recommended Citation:SUBSIDY, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2024. [Accessed: May 10, 2024].
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MARGINAL COST The change in total cost (or total variable cost) resulting from a change in the quantity of output produced by a firm in the short run. Marginal cost (MC) indicates how much total cost changes for a given change in the quantity of output. Because changes in total cost are matched by changes in total variable cost in the short run (total fixed cost is fixed), marginal cost is the change in either total cost or total variable cost. It is found by dividing the change in total cost (or total variable cost) by the change in output. Marginal cost is one of four cost concepts used in short-run production analysis. The other three are average total cost, average fixed cost, and average variable cost.
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RED AGGRESSERINE
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time searching for rummage sales wanting to buy either looseleaf notebook paper or a three-hole paper punch. Be on the lookout for vindictive digital clocks with revenge on their minds.
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In the Middle Ages, pepper was used for bartering, and it was often more valuable and stable in value than gold.
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"Everyone is bound to bear patiently the results of his own example. " -- Phaedrus, Philosopher
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DRR
Discounted Rate of Return
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