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MARKET FAILURE: A condition in which a market does not efficiently allocate resources to achieve the greatest possible consumer satisfaction. The four main market failures are--(1) public good, (2) market control, (3) externality, and (4) imperfect information. In each case, a market acting without any government imposed direction, does not direct an efficient amount of our resources into the production, distribution, or consumption of the good.
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EFFICIENT The state of resource allocation that exists when the highest level of consumer satisfaction is achieved from available resources. This state can be accomplished through markets when the price buyers are willing and able to pay for a good--based on the satisfaction obtained--is equal to the price sellers need to charge for a good--based on the opportunity cost of production.
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The earliest known use of paper currency was about 1270 in China during the rule of Kubla Khan.
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"The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet." -- Aristotle, Greek philosopher
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CPSC
Consumer Product Safety Commission
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