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VERTICAL ADDITION: In graphical analysis, the technique of combining two curves by adding the value of the variable on the vertical or Y axis for a given value of the variable on the horizontal or X axis. This is commonly used for deriving the demand curve for a public good from a set of individual demand curves. The demand price that each individual buyer is willing to pay is added for a given quantity to identify the total benefits obtained.
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IN-KIND PAYMENTS A payment, usually in exchange for the productive efforts of resources, that takes the form of goods and services produced by the resource buyer rather than the economy's standard monetary unit (that is, dollars). In other words, resource owners are compensated with a portion of the output that they help to produce. The standard method of compensation, which is illustrated by the circular flow model, is for a firm to pay resource owners using money revenue received from selling its production. Hence most factor payments are monetary payments. However, in some circumstances firms and resource owners find it more convenient to use actual production for compensation, eliminating the sell-production-for-money step.
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Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen were the 1st Nobel Prize winners in Economics in 1969.
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"Aerodynamically, the bumblebee shouldn't be able to fly, but the bumblebee doesn't know it so it goes on flying anyway. " -- Mary Kay Ash, entrepreneur
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FXA
Foreign Exchange Agreement
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